Exact population: 16,491,461 (July 2006 est.)

Literacy: Total population: 99% (2000 est.); male: NA%; female: NA%

Ethnicities: Dutch 83%, other 17% (of which 9% are non-Western origin mainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians) (1999 est.)

Area: Total: 41,526 sq km; land: 33,883 sq km; water: 7,643 sq km

Land boundaries: Total: 1,027 km; border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Terrain: Mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast

Extremes: Lowest point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m; highest point: Vaalserberg 322 m

Imports: Germany 17.9%, Belgium 9.9%, US 7.9%, China 7.4%, UK 6.4%, France 4.8% (2004)

Exports: Germany 25%, Belgium 12.4%, UK 10.1%, France 9.9%, Italy 6%, US 4.3% (2004)

Industries: Agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing

Source: CIA World Factbook