Exact population: 10,605,870 (July 2006 est.)

Literacy: Total population: 93.3%; male: 95.5%; female: 91.3%

Ethnicities: Homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

Area: Total: 92,391 sq km; land: 91,951 sq km; water: 440 sq km; note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Land boundaries: Total: 1,214 km; border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Terrain: Mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Extremes: Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m; highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Imports: Spain 29.3%, Germany 14.3%, France 9.3%, Italy 6.1%, UK 4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2004)

Exports: Spain 25%, France 14%, Germany 13.5%, UK 9.6%, US 6%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4% (2004)

Industries: Textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism

Source: CIA World Factbook